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Although these developments have undoubtedly demonstrated the potential of organic crystals as organic waveguides, without exception they have focused on the visible part of the spectrum (usually, 500−600 nm), which does not immediately appeal for transduction of communication signals. The most recent efforts in this research endeavor have been directed towards sequencing, welding, combining, and scaling down of prospective organic crystalline waveguides, as well as development of methods for their micromanipulation and incorporation in micro-optical devices 26, 27, 28, 29 and other electronics 30, 31.
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Although their shape can be recovered, the defects result in proneness to wear and fatigue, and decrease drastically the optical transmittance after multiple deformations. The mechanical compliance observed with some of these elastic and plastic materials is unprecedented and impressive 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, although intentional (for applications that require bending of the light beam) or unintentional (due to accident or damage) deformation of their crystals is usually accompanied with accumulation of defects 20. The studies have focused on the demonstration of passive (transmission of unaltered input light) and active (transmission of fluorescence) transduction of visible light, which has been already demonstrated for a number of organic crystalline materials 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. Single crystals of small organic compounds have been recently considered viable candidates for such applications and have been actively researched in the past several years 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. As some of the main prerequisites that stand before new materials for this purpose, their optical and other physical assets, and most importantly mechanical properties, should be chemically accessible and tunable. Specific applications, particularly on a small scale, such as in optoelectronic components in micro/nanocircuits, require alternative materials where the performance would compensate the cost due to their small size. Organic polymers, which have also been used as waveguides, are light in weight and can be easily processed, however, their opaqueness results in significant signal attenuation. One of the shortcomings of the silica fibers is their performance with highly intense light, which poses challenges with transfer of high-definition data required by the internet and cellular service providers, particularly in view of the ongoing transition to the fifth generation (5G) wireless technology and high-performing phone networks. The currently used commercial fiber-optics are based on cladded silica of high purity, and are produced in massive amounts for inter-continental optical cables through which nearly all voice, video, and data communications are transferred instantaneously around the globe. With the increased security threats inherent to the wired (electron-based) transfer of information and the explosive expansion of the internet traffic in recent decades, there is a rising need for fiber-optic materials that are safe, robust, light and durable. This property favors these and possibly other related organic crystals as all-organic fiber-optic waveguides and filters for transduction of information. The crystals have low optical loss in the O, E, S and C bands of the spectrum (1250−1600 nm), while they effectively block infrared light below 1200 nm. First-principles density functional theory calculations, used in conjunction with analysis of the energy frameworks to correlate the structure with the anisotropy in the Young’s modulus, showed that the high stiffness arises as a consequence of the strong charge-assisted hydrogen bonds between the zwitterions. On their (00 \(\bar 1\)) face, crystals of this material have an extraordinarily high Young’s modulus (40.95 ± 1.03 GPa) and hardness (1.98 ± 0.11 GPa) for an organic crystal. Here we demonstrate that single crystals of the amino acid L-threonine could be used as optical waveguides and filters with high mechanical and thermal robustness for transduction of signals in the telecommunications range. However, the previously reported organic crystals were shown to be able to transmit visible light, whereas actual implementation in telecommunication devices requires transparency in the near-infrared spectral range. Organic crystals are emerging as mechanically compliant, light-weight and chemically versatile alternatives to the commonly used silica and polymer waveguides.